¾Ã¾ÃÈÈÊÓƵ

Robert Orttung, American University

December 2006

The Boston Globe

March 28, 2011

The Times
September 5, 2009

The Washington Post

David Ignatius
December 23, 2010

BBC News: World Edition 

January 2010

Green Left

November 1999

Hoover Institution, Stanford University
Policy Review, No. 100

David Winston

Esquire Magazine

C.J. Chivers

Time Magazine

Yuri Zarakhovich/Moscow

Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics

V. 24, #4 December 2008, 604 - 628

World Public Opinion: Global Public Opinion on International Affairs

CRS Report for Congress
Jim Nichol, Congressional Research Service

2000 Presidential Election

World Socialist Website
Vladimir Volkov
30 March 2000

2004 Presidential Election

PONARS Policy Memo 32 

Brian D. Taylor
November 2003

2007 Legislative Election

Voting in 2007 Russian legislative elections: The role of Putin’s approval and ideology
Alexei V. Zakharov

2008 Presidential Election

Ria Novosti

BBC News
May 2008

World Socialist Website

Middle East Review of International Affairs 

Ilya Bourtman
June 2006

Harvard International Review 
Nicolai N. Petro
September 28, 2008

Center for American Progress

Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR)

The Economist

Speigel International Online

Washington Post Foreign Service
David Hoffman

Wall Street Journal
Alan Cullison, Gregory L. White and David Crawford

The Weekly Standard
January 2006

The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

The Heritage Foundation, Backgrounder #1353
Ariel Cohen

Studies in Central and Eastern Europe

American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
Leon Aron

World Policy Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4, 

Ian Bremmer and Alexander Zaslavsky
Winter, 2001/2002

Post-Soviet Affairs
Vol 24, Issue 3, pp. 199–230
Gerald M. Easter
2008

Europe-Asia Studies
Volume 58, Issue 6, pages 903 - 924
Bettina Renz
September 2006

Europe-Asia Studies
Vol. 55, No. 3, pgs 383-399

Stephen White and Ian McAllister
May 2003

Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law
Vol 36, Issue 3
2007-2008

Centre for Economic and Financial Research at New Economic School
Evgeny Yakovlev and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya

Studies in Central and Eastern Europe
Steven White, Editor

YouTube Collection

Predvybornyy shtab Putina 2000 [Putin's campaign headquarters 2000]

On the night of the election, Putin gathered around him in his windowless electoral headquarters, as depicted in an illicit YouTube video that appeared online, some of his closest circle. There was Medvedev, Chubays, Kozak, Sergey Ivanov, Reyman, Zolotov, Lesin, Il’ya Klebanov, Surkov, Pavlovskiy, Litvinovich, and a few others.  In the video, which was shot by an unknown videographer and released onto YouTube without attribution, Putin sits in the center of the room joking and signing books. There is general merriment—several including Medvedev appear to be the worse for wear. Zyuganov is on the TV in the background complaining about the need for investigation of fraud. No one pays the slightest attention. They talk about how they are already over 50%. Putin and Zolotov have a tête-à-tête at the side of the room, speaking conspiratorially about something “Igor” had said (possibly about Sechin, who was not there), their faces only inches away from each other, with Putin reaching up and straightening Zolotov’s tie as if the general were a mere schoolboy. Later, the conversation turns to the results. Kozak is seen viewing the incoming results on a computer, surrounded by Ivanov, Chubays, Reyman, and Klebanov and he reads out that there are already 62 million confirmed (not spoiled) ballots cast (the total at the end of the day was 75 million). The talk then turns to the various positions that will be meted out, when Putin reminds them that if he’s already been elected president, everyone automatically has to resign and he gets to renew his cabinet, reminding them all who is boss. They watch a prerecorded interview with Putin, in which Putin tells the country that tomorrow they will all be back at work at 10am because “we don’t have the right to relax even for a second.” There was general laughter and back-slapping in the room.